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CURRENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
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Underwater Antarctic Volcanoes Discovered in the Southern Ocean
Science News, ScienceDaily,
ScienceDaily LLC
(Source:
British Antarctic Survey via EurekAlert!)
[ 11 July 2011 ]
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Mud Volcano Emerges from the Arabian Sea
Image of the Day, Earth Observatory,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA)
[ 20 January 2011 ]
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etna eruption - etna eruzione 12 01.2011
deutschlandquer, YouTube
[ 12 January 2011 ]
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Eruptions [blog]
Erik W. Klemetti, Ph.D.,
courtesy of Big Think
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Volcano Activity Reports
VolcanoWorld News, Volcano World,
Oregon State University (OSU)
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Volcanic Ash Advisories
IPS MeteoStar (IPSM),
Information Processing Systems of California,
Inc. (IPS)
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Volcanic ash causes Adelaide travel chaos
891 ABC Adelaide,
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
(ABC)
[ 14 June 2011 ]
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New way found of monitoring volcanic ash cloud
Press Releases, EurekAlert!,
American Association for the Advancement
of Science (AAAS) [ 10 December 2010 ]
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Powerful volcano blast sends ash raining over
Iceland, Europe
Rosa Brynjolfsdottir, AFP [ 15 April 2010 ]
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Iceland’s volcanic ash halts flights across Europe
Robert Barr & Jill Lawless,
Associated Press [ 15 April 2010 ]
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Iceland’s disruptive volcano
Alan Taylor, The Big Picture,
boston.com, The Boston Globe,
NY Times Co. [ 15 April 2010 ]
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Australian volcano eruptions overdue,
new study confirms
The University of Melbourne,
courtesy of BrightSurf.com [ 6 July 2011 ]
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Monitoring of lightning from the April–May 2010
Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption using a
very low frequency lightning location network
A. J. Bennett, P. Odams, D. Edwards & Þ Arason,
Environmental Research Letters,
Volume 5, Number 4,
IOPscience, IOP Publishing
[ 10 December 2010 ]
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Volcanic Quakes Help Forecast Eruptions
Emilie Lorditch, Research,
Inside Science News Service (ISNS),
InsideScience.org,
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
[ 22 December 2009 ]
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First Evidence Of Under-Ice Volcanic Eruption
In Antarctica
Science News, ScienceDaily,
ScienceDaily LLC
(Source:
British Antarctic Survey) [ 22 January 2008 ]
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VOLCANO CAM (Volcano WebCams)
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Webcams
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO),
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
U.S. Department of the Interior
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Mount St. Helens VolcanoCams
Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument,
USDA Forest Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
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Mt. St. Helens WA Seismograph
Current Webicorders,
The Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN),
Earth and Space Sciences (ESS),
The University of Washington (UW) & partners
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The Old Faithful WebCam
The Official Website of Yellowstone National Park,
National Park Service (NPS),
U.S. Department of the Interior
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VOLCANO OBSERVATORIES &
VOLCANOLOGY INSTITUTES
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U.S. Volcano Observatories & Agencies
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U.S. Geological Survey
Volcano Hazards Program
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
U.S. Department of the Interior
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Asian Volcano Observatories & Institutes
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What Can Seismology Say About Hot Spots?
Bruce R. Julian & Gillian R. Foulger,
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
U.S. Department of the Interior &
Department of Geological Sciences,
University of Durham (Durham, UK)
(Adobe PDF file)
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www.MantlePlumes.org
Gillian R. Foulger, www.mantleplumes.org,
Department of Geological Sciences,
University of Durham (Durham, UK)
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Volcanoes are a natural consequence of plate tectonics and
mantle convection. Tectonic plates, sinking into
the mantle at their edges (a process known as subduction, produce
frictional heating as they grind against one another. This heating,
together with the heat of the mantle, melts crustal rock which combines
with mantle rock. Once the rock has melted, lighter, less dense
components separate out and rise toward the surface.
As the lighter melted material slowly rises, it penetrates into the Earth’s crust, eventually
pooling beneath the Earth’s surface to form magma chambers. When
one of these chambers breaches the crustal surface (lithosphere), a
volcano is born. Another mechanism capable of producing a volcano is a
mantle plume. Mantle plumes are massive ascending currents
within the Earth’s mantle. These create hot spots within
the lithosphere where the plumes create huge upwelling magma chambers.
As the tectonic plates move over the relatively stationary plumes (a
process that occurs over millions of years), a string of volcanoes (such
as the Hawaiian Islands) or calderas (such as Yellowstone) are formed.
Follow links to the right to learn more about volcanoes and volcanology.
At the left margin, Related Links address topics of interest
pertaining to volcanoes, including
volcanic
hazards such as lahars — dangerous
flows
of mud and debris resulting from volcanic eruptions — and
pyroclastic flows — even more deadly eruptions of hot gas
and rock. View the
Technology
& Science SiteMap for a complete list of our technology and
science-related topics.
See
Tech, Science & Engineering Jobs and
Earth
& Space Sciences Jobs if you are seeking a career in
volcanology or volcano research.
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